Post 4: Works Cited

History.com Spy Swap This source talked  about what happened in the trade. Rudolf Abel was traded for Frances “Gary” Powers over the Glienicker Bridge. At the same time, student Frederic Pryor was released at another checkpoint. This source helped me get an opinion on the accuracy of the movie.

Interview with Russian spy master- This source as an interview with a Russian spy master, Boris Aleksandrovich Solomatin. He talked about John Walker Jr. a spy against the US.

History.comBerlin Wall - This source talked about the building and the history of the Berlin wall, to help give me background on what was happening.

Hollywood Reporter- Bridge of Spies- This source talks about the making of the film and why Spielberg wanted to make it. It talks about the childhood connection Spielberg had to it, because he grew up in the Cold War

Caroll Daily Times - Reds Exchange U2 Pilot for Top Spy (February 10, 1962) - This is a news paper article from 1962 informing the public about the swap of the spies, Rudolf Abel for Powers and Pryor, because it was a secret mission.

History.com video- This is a video/ recording of Gary Powers confessing to his counts of espionage in Moscow, after being captured by the Russians.

The Daily News (Pennsylvania February 12, 1962)- This is a newspaper article from 1962 talking about Gary Powers coming back to the US after being traded for Abel. It talks about the controversy of whether or not Powers exposed any secrets to the Soviet Union.

US Air Force Museum- This is a picture of a U2 plane being flown in the late 1950's. There was new technology allowing these planes to reach a record height of 70,000 feet.

Eisenhower Archives- This is a note sent from the American Embassy at Moscow to the Foreign Affairs department in Moscow, asking them for facts on what happened to Gary Power's plane. At that point they didn't know is Powers was alive or not.

Eisenhower Archives- This is the note back to the American Embassy, letting them know that Powers was alive, but was being held captive by the Russians for espionage.

Youtube.com Bert the Turtle- This is a video shown to schools in the 1950's and 1960's, warning them about atomic bombs and what to do if they were targeted.

 FBI.gov-Hollow Nickel- This is an article about a piece of spy equipment used in the Cold War and by Rudolf Abel: Hollow Nickels.

The Kitchen- This source gave me foods from the 1960's to put on my menu.

Popsugar- This source gave me foods from the 1960's to put on my menu.

People.com- This source was an interview with James Donovan's daughter, talking about how excited she was for the movie. I used this for my list of people.

Biography.com- Chapman Pincher- This source gave me a person to invite. It talked about the background of a famous journalist at the time of the Cold War.

The Guardian.com Movie Review- This source was a movie review of the historical accuracy of Bridge of Spies. Overall they said it was accurate, the timing was just too fast.

Propublica- Movie Review- This source was a movie review on the historical accuracy of the film. The source said the film was very accurate, but just had some dramatic scenes.

Post 3: Dinner Menu

                                              Dinner Menu

                                              Appetizers:

Onion Dip

Fondue

Shrimp Cocktail

Entrees

Beef Bourguignon

Chicken a La King

Sides:

Peas

Pigs in a Blanket

Dessert:

Jello Salad

Drinks:

Scotch

I chose these foods for my dinner menu, because they were all popular foods/drinks in the 1950s and 1960s. World War II was over, so there was no more rations, but people still wanted easier foods to cook. Pre packaged foods, such as Campbells soup, and different casseroles began to emerge. This was also an age of entertainment, so many cocktail foods, such as cocktail shrimp came about. Jello had also just became popular, so for dessert, many would serve anything with gelatin in it, or around it. This also was an age of drinking, Scotch being a very popular drink for all day, even in the White House. This was also served and consumed in The Bridge of Spies. Although these were popular in the 1960s, many of this food is very timeless.

Post 2: Artifacts (Primary Sources)

Caroll Daily Times - Reds Exchange U2 Pilot for Top Spy (February 10, 1962) - This article is informing the public of the trade between Gary Powers, Frederic Pryor, and Rudolf Abel, because it had been a secret mission, until the trade occurred.


History.com video- This is a video of Frances Gary Powers confessing to "spying" on the Russians for the US, on his U2 plane during his trial. After confessing, he was sentenced to ten years in Russian prison.

The Daily News (Pennsylvania February 12, 1962)- This is an article talking about the return of Gary Powers, after being traded for Russian spy, Rudolf Abel. The article also talks about the controversy of whether or not Powers revealed US secrets in the years he was being held captive, which was a reason he was not well liked by Americans, for not going down with the plane. 

US Air Force Museum- This is a picture of the original U2 plane being flown in the early 1960's. This is the same type of plane that Gary Powers flew, and was shot down in, before being taken in by the Russians. These planes were very new at the time, and could fly at an altitude of 70, 000 feet, which was a game changer for the Cold War.

Eisenhower Archives- This is a press release containing a note that the American embassy at Moscow sent to the Soviet Ministry of foreign affairs regarding Power's plane being shot down. This paper was sent May 6, 1960, five days after the U2 plane and pilot went missing. The embassy is asking the Russians to give them facts about what happened with the plane and the pilot.

Eisenhower Archives- This is the document of the Russians responding to the American's note. It is informing the US that Russia knows that Gary Power's acts were "aggressive" as he was spying on and trespassing Soviet territory. The note also tells the US that Powers is still alive and will be held in trial. The note also seems to be shaming the US for this act of spying, saying they're usually the ones to shame this act.

                                         

Youtube.com Bert the Turtle- This is a show called Bert the Turtle, shown in schools in the 1960's. It was a safety video on what to do if an atomic bomb comes. At the time, no one knew whether or not Russia would set one off at the US, so kids in schools would learn what to do if one came. This goes with the movie, because in one of the scenes, Donovans son fills up the bath tub, because he is scared they may run out of water if an atomic bomb hits, because he has learned about them in school.

 FBI.gov-Hollow Nickel- This is an image of a piece of spy equipment used in the cold war. It is a hollow nickel, where very small coded messages can be read. Rudolf Abel used these in his time spying in America, which is shown at the beginning of the Bridge of Spies.

Post 1: Guest List

For this dinner party, I have decided to invite eight people with direct relationship to the movie The Bridge of Spies and to the events in the movie. This will be a small party located in the White House.

Boris Aleksandrovich was a Russian spy master during the Cold War, who overlooked all spy operations against the US. He recruited one of Americas most hated men, John Walker Jr. who was a Navy officer at the time, who turned in US secrets to Russia for money. He did an interview with Pete Earley for the Washington post, regarding his purpose in the Cold War. Boris was a huge nationalist, although he didn't believe in the Russian systems of government, and wanted to do anything he could to give back to his country.

Rudolf Abel was on of the main character in Bridge of Spies, being a Russian spy during the Cold War. He was considered a genius spy and was operating for many years, before being caught in his apartment. He was given a fair trial in the US, but was sentenced to thirty years in prison, instead of being given the electric chair as wanted. He was then traded for Gary Powers and Frederic Pryor.

Frederic Pryor was an economic student in Berlin during the Cold War. He was taken captive in East Berlin, while the Berlin wall was being built, and held for months. He was then traded for Rudolf Abel and got back into the US.

Gary Powers was a U2 pilot during the cold war. He was sent on the 24th and last mission to spy on the Russian nuclear base at 70,000 feet in the air when he was shot down by Russian missiles. Powers was instructed to go down with the plane, but instead jumped out and was taken captive by the Russians. He was questioned for around 3 years, before he was traded in the exchange of Rudolf Abel. He was hated by many Americans before the CIA cleared him for not betraying the US.

James Donovan was the appointed lawyer to defend Rudolf Abel. Many people were angry that Abel was getting a fair trial, but Donovan fought for Abel's rights and got him out of the death sentence, and instead 30 years in prison. He felt there would be a trade needed. Donovan went to Berlin and fought to trade both Pryor and Powers and won both, even though instructed just to trade powers.

Steven Spielberg was the director of the movie, Bridge of Spies. When interviewed, Spielberg said he felt a great connection to this movie, because of the direct relationship to his childhood. Spielberg grew up during the Cold War, and had a lot of memories from it. In the scene where Donovan's son fills up the bath tub in case of a nuclear war, was actually written by Spielberg as a memory from his childhood. It would be appropriate to have him join the party, so he can talk about his memories and how he wanted to portray the movie.

Jane Donovan is James Donovans daughter. She had a part in the movie Bridge of Spies as his child. It would be appropriate to have her at the party, because of the passion she felt to have the movie made. At the time, the movie portrays her as being very angry at her father for taking on the trial, but is now very proud of him and what he accomplished, and believed it should be put on the big screen.

Chapman Pincher was a British journalist during the Cold War. He knew many officers and high up people in the Cold War that told him confidential information. Pincher was able to publish a lot of information, making his work very popular and well known. He is chosen, because a lot of the things he wrote about was espionage, which has a lot to do with the Bridge of Spies.

WWI Poster Analysis

1. I know that propaganda is a type of advertising in regard to the government.

2. Definition: "Information or ideas that are spread by an organized group or government to influence people's opinions" Propaganda

Set 2 

Poster 1:
The first thing I notice on this is the person on the horse. I notice how the are wearing all yellow, but I'm not really sure why. The man is also waving a yellow and red flag with the letter M and the number 3. I also notice that the writing on the poster is all capitalized and "Your duty" is in a different color. I also saw that the poster is targeting boys specifically. It doesn't even say men.

I think the author is trying to get men to enlist in the army with the message. The poster doesn't have many words and is very colorful, making the poster stand out to the eye. I think the author was trying to make the poster personal by emphasizing "Your duty" to make the reader feel like it is their own duty.

The particular audience for this poster is older boys and younger men. This can be told by reading the writing that says "come on boys".

Poster 2:
The first thing I notice in this poster is Uncle Sam pointing. I also notice how big the capitalized letters are. I also notice the colors of the poster: red white and blue.

I think the author used Uncle Sam to make the poster more patriotic. The words in the poster make it personal by using "I's" to make it seem like Uncle Sam is talking to one person. The colors also make it very patriotic, which is very appealing to many people.

The audience for this seems to be men, because of the time period and the man as the focal point.

Poster 3:
The first thing I notice in this poster is that the image is of a woman. The woman is obviously in a man's jacket by the size of it and the fact that the navy only consisted of men. I also noticed how the words "I want you" stand alone on the poster. The colors are also red white and blue with an illuminating background.

The author is trying to get men to enlist in the navy by saying that you will get girls if you do. This is obvious from the message at the top that says "I want you" separate from "for the navy". This poster is obviously supposed to be a sexual message in the fact that the woman is wearing the man, or her boyfriends, jacket. The words are large to grab the person's attention.

The audience for this is men, because the message is very sexual towards a man.

7. I think the its fine for the government to spend money on propaganda for certain things, such as war, but not any others. I think it was wrong for how much they spent on it, considering there was a draft anyways, and obviously not many men volunteered.

8. I think the government felt it was necessary to do this, because they knew it was a big war and many men were needed. They also didn't want a draft.

19th Century Imperialism: Hawaiian

This documentary, Hawaiian, demonstrates imperialism from the Hawaiian's perspective at the time. According to this film, surfing started out in Hawaii before it moved across the globe. As one of the main events of the documentary, there is a very famous surfing contest. People from across the world came to Hawaii to surf on a famous surfer's (Eddie Aikau) beach, Waimea Bay. Eddie tried to win the contest many times, but kept failing. This symbolizes imperialism in that people from across the world came in and took Hawaiian culture. It was frustrating for the viewer, because all we wanted was for the people from Australia and the states to leave, because they weren't getting the deeper meaning of surfing that the Hawaiians had. Most Hawaiians have a special connection with the ocean that others didn't have, and many people took that for granted. This shows how the Hawaiians could've felt when the US came in and took their crops, land, and culture away from them.

                                                                        Eddie Aikau

How do you analyze a political cartoon?

1. What I know about analyzing a cartoon:
First you look at the whole picture and find the biggest subject in it and analyze. Look for a symbol or picture that you know. If you aren't informed on the issue it will be difficult, but if you do understand, then read each of the messages on the cartoon. They will all be about a current issue in politics.

2. The guide I read on wikihow was a lot more in-depth. They mentioned to recognize exaggeration, symbolism, analogies, and irony. They also said to look for stereotypes and minor details. It also says to get informed on the topic before trying to understand. I knew all of this, but it was difficult to put into words.

3. Before going to read a political cartoon I will start out by looking at the large things, then move to small details. Political cartoons use a lot of irony and symbolism, so if the picture doesn't out right say what I'm looking at, I will look at it in a different way. I will then be able to determine the overall message.Political Cartoons

Spanish American War

When looking at this picture, I first noticed the biggest drawing, Uncle Sam. His starred hat, striped pants, and white beard gave it away to me. I then noticed the man under him carrying him, which looks like a foreign solider. I also noticed the line of men behind him with the same foreigners under them. I then decided to look at the small details, such as the placement of Uncle Sam's hand and the land around him. He looks as though he's observing something new and the land doesn't have civilization behind him. Because I know about imperialism at this time I am able to make a guess that it symbolizes the US being imperialistic during the war. They are stepping on everyone else to get what they want at the time.

Philippine War

When I first look at this picture the first thing that pops out to me again, is the very center of the picture, which is Uncle Sam. Uncle Sam, is standing in front of a gate that says Philippines, and is holding the door open. I then notice the men walking in. One is an angry looking man, the other is a man who looks very pleasant, smoking his pipe. They are both holding a bag. From this I get that the picture is informing the public that the US invited people into the Philippines, without any agreement or anything. The man carrying the bag and smoking the pipe is signifying the US was already bringing over stuff to stay and didn't think much about it. The other man with the bag may be Filipino and looks angry, because of the US.

Cuban Conflict

The first thing I noticed when looking at this picture is Uncle Sam looking very scared, as it is the biggest image. I could tell it symbolized the US even though it also gave a label. I then looked at Cuba (spelled wrong, and not sure why), and saw that it had a missile aiming at the US. I then looked for closer details and saw the Soviet Union just watching to see what happens. This cartoon is demonstrating the Cuban Missile crisis during the cold war. From the picture, you can tell that Cuba is aiming a missile at the Us and the US is just waiting nervously (while sweating) to see what happens.